Comparison of single photon emission CT (SPECT) with SPECT/CT imaging in preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the superiority of single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT over SPECT for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), as well as the cost-effectiveness. METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken of patients undergoing surgery for PHPT from January 2009 to August 2014. Ultrasound and SPECT (ultrasound-SPECT) or SPECT/CT (ultrasound-SPECT/CT) were performed for each patient. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of each modality were calculated. Cost-effectiveness was determined by an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) analysis. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-nine patients with 266 parathyroid adenomas were included in the study. Lateralization sensitivity and PPV of ultrasound-SPECT were 85.1% and 98.2%, respectively. The lateralization sensitivity and PPV of ultrasound-SPECT/CT were 86.9% and 99.4%, respectively. A cost of $2499.22 (CAD) per additional parathyroid adenoma detection by ultrasound-SPECT/CT was determined from the ICER analysis. CONCLUSION Similar sensitivities and PPVs were observed between ultrasound-SPECT and ultrasound-SPECT/CT in preoperatively lateralizing parathyroid adenomas, with relatively equivalent cost-effectiveness. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2062-E2065, 2016.